I am Parth Sharma, an AI/ML Engineer and Full-Stack Developer specializing in designing
clinically reliable deep learning models and building high-performance web applications. I focus
on bridging the gap between intelligent algorithms and production-ready software.
I am an AI/ML-focused IT student with a strong
foundation in building and deploying
clinically reliable deep learning systems alongside
scalable full-stack web applications.
My passion lies at the intersection of complex data
modeling and intuitive user
experiences.
Whether it's crafting a responsive frontend or fine-tuning a neural network for medical
imaging, I strive for efficiency, accuracy, and impact.
A Deep Learning Framework for Automated Multi-Class Skin Disease Detection Using
Dermoscopic Images
Joshin K Saju, Deepayan Thakur, Parth
Sharma
ICAISS 2025 | Amity University
Abstract
Skin diseases form a major world health concern, where early detection is crucial for
improving patient outcomes and survival rates. However, skin lesion similarity across
categories and severe class imbalance create a complex multi-class classification
problem. A new effective framework based upon deep learning is presented in this
research paper, targeting automated dermoscopic image analysis.
Transfer learning-based CNNs, pretrained on ImageNet, are utilized to analyze skin
lesion characteristics across seven diagnostic categories. Preprocessing methods,
including resizing to uniform resolution, intensity normalization to [0,1], and data
augmentation through rotation, flipping, and color jittering, are utilized to achieve
better reproducibility and model robustness.
The training minimizes false negatives for malignant classes by using categorical
cross-entropy loss along with the Adam optimizer, incorporating sensitivity-driven
learning with class-weighted sampling. The proposed system achieves 89% overall accuracy
and 99% melanoma recall on 2003 held-out test images, demonstrating strong clinical
viability.
Human skin functions as a primary defense system against environmental hazards. Despite
its accessibility for visual examination, skin disease diagnosis remains difficult due
to similar physical presentations across disorders and the subjective nature of clinical
assessment. Malignant skin cancers like melanoma carry high mortality rates when
detection is delayed, with survival dropping sharply beyond Stage II.
Traditional diagnostic methods rely heavily on dermatologist expertise and face poor
generalization due to variations in illumination, skin tones, imaging devices, and
lesion complexities. The emergence of CNNs has marked a breakthrough in dermatology
image analysis, enabling automated feature extraction that surpasses handcrafted
descriptors. The HAM10000 dataset, containing over 10,000 dermoscopic images across
seven categories, provides a standardized benchmark for evaluating such systems.
Challenges
Limited availability of large, diverse, and well-annotated datasets across all skin
tones and demographics.
Severe class imbalance in multi-class classification — melanocytic nevi dominating
with ~67% of samples.
High visual similarity among different diseases (e.g., benign keratosis vs. actinic
keratosis, eczema vs. psoriasis).
Image quality variations caused by inconsistent lighting, noise, hair occlusion, and
color calibration differences.
Clinical requirement for high sensitivity in malignant classes, where false
negatives carry life-threatening consequences.
2
III. Methodology
The system evaluates seven diagnostic categories from the HAM10000 dataset: benign
keratosis-like lesions (bkl), melanocytic nevi (nv), dermatofibroma (df), melanoma
(mel), vascular lesions (vasc), basal cell carcinoma (bcc), and actinic keratosis
(akiec). The dataset was split into 80% training and 20% testing subsets with stratified
sampling to preserve class distribution.
Data Prep: Images resized to 224×224
uniform resolution. Intensities normalized to [0,1] using min-max normalization to
stabilize gradient updates. Augmentation strategies including random rotation (±30°),
horizontal/vertical flips, and color jittering were applied to minority classes to
mitigate imbalance.
Feature Extraction: Employs deep
hierarchical extraction using pretrained CNNs (ResNet50 backbone). Transfer learning on
ImageNet weights enables exploitation of low-level edges, textures, and high-level
semantic representations without training from scratch.
Optimization: Categorical cross-entropy
loss with Adam optimizer (lr=0.0001). Dropout (p=0.5) randomly deactivates neurons to
reduce overfitting. Learning rate scheduling with ReduceLROnPlateau monitors validation
loss for adaptive convergence.
Architecture: Final classification head
consists of Global Average Pooling → Dense(512, ReLU) → Dropout → Dense(7, Softmax).
Batch normalization layers stabilize intermediate activations during training.
3
IV. Results
89%_
Overall Accuracy
99%_
Melanoma Recall
System demonstrated strong generalization on 2003 held-out test images. Multi-class
ROC-AUC values ranged from 0.98 to 1.00, confirming excellent discriminative ability
across all seven categories. Per-class F1 scores exceeded 0.85 for majority classes.
The confusion matrix exhibits strong diagonal dominance. Error analysis revealed
misclassifications occurred primarily between benign keratosis and actinic keratosis —
visually similar lesion types — generating clinically safer errors that prioritize
sensitivity over specificity.
Notably, the model maintained >95% sensitivity for both melanoma and basal cell
carcinoma, the two most clinically dangerous categories. Precision-recall curves further
validated that the framework avoids dangerous false-negative predictions in high-risk
diagnostic scenarios.
4
V. Conclusion
The framework achieves a strong balance between accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness
across all seven diagnostic categories. The exceptionally high recall for malignant
lesions — 99% for melanoma and >95% for basal cell carcinoma — highlights its
suitability as a clinical decision-support tool.
Future work includes expanding the dataset to encompass diverse skin tones, integrating
attention mechanisms for improved interpretability, and deploying the model as a
real-time mobile diagnostic aid for resource-limited clinical settings.
Exploring novel architectures in Deep Learning, Computer Vision, and autonomous agents for next-gen AI systems.
DEEP_LEARNINGVISION
// SYS.MODULE.METRICS
> ping core_metrics_server
> analyzing performance... [OK]
> __
Performance Stats
Consistent high performance across core modules. Excelling in analytical problem solving and algorithm optimization.
LOGICOPTIMIZATION
// SYS.MODULE.EDU
> init core_learning_modules
> fetching records... [OK]
> __
Academic Focus
Specializing in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Full-Stack Development with a solid CS foundation.
AI/MLFULL_STACK
README
// SUMMARY —
README.EXEv1.0.0
//
PROCESS: IDENTITY
Parth
Sharma
B.Tech Information
Technology student · AI/ML researcher · Full-Stack developer · Photo & Video
editor. Building at the intersection of intelligence and interface.
STATUS:
OPEN TO WORK
2022 – 2026 ·
Delhi
01
ABOUT
ABOUT
> Clinically
reliable AI systems · open-source contributor · hackathon finalist · multi-disciplinary
creator.
02
PROJECTS
PROJECTS
> Full-stack web
apps · deep learning pipelines · IoT systems · browser extensions. Built to ship.
03
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
> Medical AI ·
dermatology classification · retinal OCT · published IEEE paper (IEEE Xplore, 2024).